Spin–Orbit Coupled Dynamics of Ferromagnetic Spinor Bose–Einstein Condensate
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Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the dynamic properties of spin–orbit coupling spin-1 ferromagnetic Bose–Einstein condensates with different trap geometry. Our results are obtained in terms of the three-component Gross–Pitaevskii equation of mean-field theory. Two kinds of trap potential are discussed: isotropic and anisotropic. It is shown that the spin-exchange dynamics are greatly influenced by trap geometry. For the latter with weak spin–orbit coupling strength, we find that the three-component oscillation accelerates and some small difference emerges between component m=1 and m=-1. With the increase in spin–orbit coupling strength, the three components reach almost the same population. In addition, the kinetic energy of the system changes within a small scope for strong spin–orbit coupling, as opposed to a constant value in an isotropic trap. The density distributions display that the stripe phase appears with the increase in spin–orbit coupling strength. The method of generating stripe structure is different from the ground state of ferromagnetic condensate. For isotropic trap, the spatial separation of top and bottom spin–orbit condensates in component m=1 and m=-1 occurs at weak spin–orbit coupling, and square lattice appears at strong spin–orbit coupling.
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