Free Energy of Coupled Oscillators: Lamb Shifts and van der Waals Interactions

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Published: Jun 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.143.S78
Keywords:
Lamb shift, van der Waals interactions,, Pauli–Hellmann–Feynman theorem

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P.W. Milonni

Abstract

The Helmholtz free energy of oscillators in thermal equilibrium with electromagnetic radiation is obtained from the Pauli–Hellmann–Feynman theorem and applied to some aspects of Lamb shifts and van der Waals interactions.

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How to Cite
[1]
P. Milonni, “Free Energy of Coupled Oscillators: Lamb Shifts and van der Waals Interactions”, Acta Phys. Pol. A, vol. 143, no. 6, p. S78, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.12693/APhysPolA.143.S78.
Issue
Vol. 143 No. 6 (2023): The Special Issue of Acta Physica Polonica A, pp. S1-S200
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